495 lines
24 KiB
C++
495 lines
24 KiB
C++
// ===================================================================================
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// Project: USB Power Tester based on ATtiny25/45/85
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// Version: v1.4
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// Year: 2020 - 2021
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// Author: Stefan Wagner
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// Github: https://github.com/wagiminator
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// EasyEDA: https://easyeda.com/wagiminator
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// License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
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// ===================================================================================
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//
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// Description:
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// ------------
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// Simple USB Power Tester based on ATtiny25/45/85 and INA219. The device
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// measures voltage, current, power, energy, capacity and displays the values
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// on an OLED screen. You can switch between different screens by pressing the
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// SET button.
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//
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// References:
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// -----------
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// The I²C OLED implementation is based on TinyOLEDdemo
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// https://github.com/wagiminator/ATtiny13-TinyOLEDdemo
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//
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// Wiring:
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// -------
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// +-\/-+
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// RESET --- RST ADC0 PB5 1|° |8 Vcc
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// SET ------- ADC3 PB3 2| |7 PB2 ADC1 -------- OLED/INA SCK
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// ------- ADC2 PB4 3| |6 PB1 AIN1 OC0B ---
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// GND 4| |5 PB0 AIN0 OC0A --- OLED/INA SDA
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// +----+
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//
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// Compilation Settings:
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// ---------------------
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// Core: ATtinyCore (https://github.com/SpenceKonde/ATTinyCore)
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// Board: ATtiny25/45/85 (No bootloader)
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// Chip: ATtiny25 or 45 or 85 (depending on your chip)
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// Clock: 1 MHz (internal)
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// B.O.D.: 2.7V
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//
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// Leave the rest on default settings. Don't forget to "Burn bootloader"!
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// No Arduino core functions or libraries are used. Use the makefile if
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// you want to compile without Arduino IDE.
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//
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// Note: The internal oscillator may need to be calibrated for precise
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// energy and capacity calculation.
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//
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// Fuse settings: -U lfuse:w:0x62:m -U hfuse:w:0xd5:m -U efuse:w:0xff:m
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//
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// Operating Instructions:
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// -----------------------
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// Connect the device between a power supply and a consumer.
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// Use the SET button to switch between the different screens.
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// Use the RESET button to reset all values.
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// ===================================================================================
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// Libraries and Definitions
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// ===================================================================================
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// Oscillator calibration value (uncomment and set if necessary)
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// #define OSCCAL_VAL 0x48
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// Libraries
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#include <avr/io.h> // for GPIO
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#include <avr/pgmspace.h> // for data stored in program memory
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#include <avr/interrupt.h> // for interrupts
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#include <util/delay.h> // for delays
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// Pin definitions
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#define PIN_SDA PB0 // I2C serial data pin
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#define PIN_SCL PB2 // I2C serial clock pin
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#define PIN_SET PB3 // SET button
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// ===================================================================================
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// I2C Master Implementation
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// ===================================================================================
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// I2C macros
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#define I2C_SDA_HIGH() DDRB &= ~(1<<PIN_SDA) // release SDA -> pulled HIGH by resistor
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#define I2C_SDA_LOW() DDRB |= (1<<PIN_SDA) // SDA as output -> pulled LOW by MCU
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#define I2C_SCL_HIGH() DDRB &= ~(1<<PIN_SCL) // release SCL -> pulled HIGH by resistor
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#define I2C_SCL_LOW() DDRB |= (1<<PIN_SCL) // SCL as output -> pulled LOW by MCU
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#define I2C_SDA_READ() (PINB & (1<<PIN_SDA)) // read SDA line
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#define I2C_CLOCKOUT() I2C_SCL_HIGH();I2C_SCL_LOW() // clock out
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// I2C transmit one data byte to the slave, ignore ACK bit, no clock stretching allowed
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void I2C_write(uint8_t data) {
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for(uint8_t i=8; i; i--, data<<=1) { // transmit 8 bits, MSB first
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(data&0x80)?I2C_SDA_HIGH():I2C_SDA_LOW(); // SDA depending on bit
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I2C_CLOCKOUT(); // clock out -> slave reads the bit
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}
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I2C_SDA_HIGH(); // release SDA for ACK bit of slave
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I2C_CLOCKOUT(); // 9th clock pulse is for the ignored ACK bit
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}
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// I2C start transmission
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void I2C_start(uint8_t addr) {
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I2C_SDA_LOW(); // start condition: SDA goes LOW first
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I2C_SCL_LOW(); // start condition: SCL goes LOW second
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I2C_write(addr); // send slave address
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}
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// I2C restart transmission
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void I2C_restart(uint8_t addr) {
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I2C_SDA_HIGH(); // prepare SDA for HIGH to LOW transition
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I2C_SCL_HIGH(); // restart condition: clock HIGH
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I2C_start(addr); // start again
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}
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// I2C stop transmission
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void I2C_stop(void) {
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I2C_SDA_LOW(); // prepare SDA for LOW to HIGH transition
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I2C_SCL_HIGH(); // stop condition: SCL goes HIGH first
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I2C_SDA_HIGH(); // stop condition: SDA goes HIGH second
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}
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// I2C receive one data byte from the slave (ack=0 for last byte, ack>0 if more bytes to follow)
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uint8_t I2C_read(uint8_t ack) {
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uint8_t data = 0; // variable for the received byte
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I2C_SDA_HIGH(); // release SDA -> will be toggled by slave
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for(uint8_t i=8; i; i--) { // receive 8 bits
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data <<= 1; // bits shifted in right (MSB first)
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I2C_SCL_HIGH(); // clock HIGH
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if(I2C_SDA_READ()) data |= 1; // read bit
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I2C_SCL_LOW(); // clock LOW -> slave prepares next bit
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}
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if(ack) I2C_SDA_LOW(); // pull SDA LOW to acknowledge (ACK)
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I2C_CLOCKOUT(); // clock out -> slave reads ACK bit
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return data; // return the received byte
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}
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// ===================================================================================
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// OLED Implementation
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// ===================================================================================
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// OLED definitions
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#define OLED_ADDR 0x78 // OLED write address
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#define OLED_CMD_MODE 0x00 // set command mode
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#define OLED_DAT_MODE 0x40 // set data mode
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#define OLED_INIT_LEN 11 // 9: no screen flip, 11: screen flip
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// OLED init settings
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const uint8_t OLED_INIT_CMD[] PROGMEM = {
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0xA8, 0x1F, // set multiplex for 128x32
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0x20, 0x01, // set vertical memory addressing mode
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0xDA, 0x02, // set COM pins hardware configuration to sequential
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0x8D, 0x14, // enable charge pump
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0xAF, // switch on OLED
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0xA1, 0xC8 // flip the screen
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};
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// OLED 6x16 font
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const uint8_t OLED_FONT[] PROGMEM = {
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0x7C, 0x1F, 0x02, 0x20, 0x02, 0x20, 0x02, 0x20, 0x02, 0x20, 0x7C, 0x1F, // 0 0
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x1F, // 1 1
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0x00, 0x1F, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x7C, 0x00, // 2 2
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0x00, 0x00, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x7C, 0x1F, // 3 3
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0x7C, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x1F, // 4 4
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0x7C, 0x00, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x00, 0x1F, // 5 5
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0x7C, 0x1F, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x00, 0x1F, // 6 6
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0x7C, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x7C, 0x1F, // 7 7
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0x7C, 0x1F, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x7C, 0x1F, // 8 8
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0x7C, 0x00, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x82, 0x20, 0x7C, 0x1F, // 9 9
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0x00, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x3F, 0x8C, 0x00, 0x82, 0x00, 0x8C, 0x00, 0xF0, 0x3F, // 10 A
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0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x07, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x18, 0xFE, 0x07, // 11 V
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0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x20, 0x00, 0x1F, 0x00, 0x20, 0xFE, 0x1F, // 12 W
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0x00, 0x00, 0xFE, 0x3F, 0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, // 13 h
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0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x3F, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x3F, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3F, // 14 m
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 15 .
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x06, 0x30, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // 16 :
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0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, // 17 -
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 // 18 SPACE
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};
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// Character definitions
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#define DECIMAL 15
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#define COLON 16
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#define SPACE 18
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// OLED BCD conversion array
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const uint16_t DIVIDER[] PROGMEM = {10000, 1000, 100, 10, 1};
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// OLED init function
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void OLED_init(void) {
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I2C_start(OLED_ADDR); // start transmission to OLED
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I2C_write(OLED_CMD_MODE); // set command mode
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for(uint8_t i=0; i<OLED_INIT_LEN; i++)
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I2C_write(pgm_read_byte(&OLED_INIT_CMD[i]));// send the command bytes
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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}
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// OLED set the cursor
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void OLED_setCursor(uint8_t xpos, uint8_t ypos) {
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I2C_start(OLED_ADDR); // start transmission to OLED
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I2C_write(OLED_CMD_MODE); // set command mode
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I2C_write(0x22); // command for min/max page
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I2C_write(ypos); I2C_write(ypos+1); // min: ypos; max: ypos+1
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I2C_write(xpos & 0x0F); // set low nibble of start column
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I2C_write(0x10 | (xpos >> 4)); // set high nibble of start column
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I2C_write(0xB0 | (ypos)); // set start page
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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}
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// OLED clear screen
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void OLED_clearScreen(void) {
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OLED_setCursor(0, 0); // set cursor at upper half
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I2C_start(OLED_ADDR); // start transmission to OLED
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I2C_write(OLED_DAT_MODE); // set data mode
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uint8_t i = 0; // count variable
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do {I2C_write(0x00);} while(--i); // clear upper half
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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OLED_setCursor(0, 2); // set cursor at lower half
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I2C_start(OLED_ADDR); // start transmission to OLED
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I2C_write(OLED_DAT_MODE); // set data mode
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do {I2C_write(0x00);} while(--i); // clear upper half
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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}
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// OLED plot a character
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void OLED_plotChar(uint8_t ch) {
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ch = (ch << 3) + (ch << 2); // calculate position of character in font array
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I2C_write(0x00); I2C_write(0x00); // print spacing between characters
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for(uint8_t i=12; i; i--) I2C_write(pgm_read_byte(&OLED_FONT[ch++])); // print character
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I2C_write(0x00); I2C_write(0x00); // print spacing between characters
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}
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// OLED print a character
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void OLED_printChar(uint8_t ch) {
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I2C_start(OLED_ADDR); // start transmission to OLED
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I2C_write(OLED_DAT_MODE); // set data mode
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OLED_plotChar(ch); // plot the character
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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}
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// OLED print a string from program memory; terminator: 255
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void OLED_printPrg(const uint8_t* p) {
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I2C_start(OLED_ADDR); // start transmission to OLED
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I2C_write(OLED_DAT_MODE); // set data mode
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uint8_t ch = pgm_read_byte(p); // read first character from program memory
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while(ch < 255) { // repeat until string terminator
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OLED_plotChar(ch); // plot character on OLED
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ch = pgm_read_byte(++p); // read next character
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}
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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}
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// OLED print 16-bit value as 5-digit decimal (BCD conversion by substraction method)
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void OLED_printDec16(uint16_t value) {
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uint8_t leadflag = 0; // flag for leading spaces
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I2C_start(OLED_ADDR); // start transmission to OLED
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I2C_write(OLED_DAT_MODE); // set data mode
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for(uint8_t digit = 0; digit < 5; digit++) { // 5 digits
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uint8_t digitval = 0; // start with digit value 0
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uint16_t divider = pgm_read_word(&DIVIDER[digit]); // current divider
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while(value >= divider) { // if current divider fits into the value
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leadflag = 1; // end of leading spaces
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digitval++; // increase digit value
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value -= divider; // decrease value by divider
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}
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if(leadflag || (digit == 4)) OLED_plotChar(digitval); // print the digit
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else OLED_plotChar(SPACE); // or print leading space
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}
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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}
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// OLED print 16-bit value as 3-digit decimal (BCD conversion by substraction method)
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void OLED_printDec12(uint16_t value) {
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I2C_start(OLED_ADDR); // start transmission to OLED
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I2C_write(OLED_DAT_MODE); // set data mode
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for(uint8_t digit = 2; digit < 5; digit++) { // 3 digits
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uint8_t digitval = 0; // start with digit value 0
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uint16_t divider = pgm_read_word(&DIVIDER[digit]); // current divider
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while(value >= divider) { // if current divider fits into the value
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digitval++; // increase digit value
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value -= divider; // decrease value by divider
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}
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OLED_plotChar(digitval); // print the digit
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}
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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}
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// OLED print 8-bit value as 2-digit decimal (BCD conversion by substraction method)
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void OLED_printDec8(uint8_t value) {
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I2C_start(OLED_ADDR); // start transmission to OLED
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I2C_write(OLED_DAT_MODE); // set data mode
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uint8_t digitval = 0; // start with digit value 0
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while(value >= 10) { // if current divider fits into the value
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digitval++; // increase digit value
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value -= 10; // decrease value by divider
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}
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OLED_plotChar(digitval); // print first digit
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OLED_plotChar(value); // print second digit
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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}
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// ===================================================================================
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// INA219 Implementation
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// ===================================================================================
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// INA219 register values
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#define INA_ADDR 0x80 // I2C write address of INA219
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#define INA_CONFIG 0b0000011111111111 // INA config register according to datasheet
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#define INA_CALIB 5120 // INA calibration register according to R_SHUNT
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#define INA_REG_CONFIG 0x00 // INA configuration register address
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#define INA_REG_CALIB 0x05 // INA calibration register address
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#define INA_REG_SHUNT 0x01 // INA shunt voltage register address
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#define INA_REG_VOLTAGE 0x02 // INA bus voltage register address
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#define INA_REG_POWER 0x03 // INA power register address
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#define INA_REG_CURRENT 0x04 // INA current register address
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// INA219 write a register value
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void INA_write(uint8_t reg, uint16_t value) {
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I2C_start(INA_ADDR); // start transmission to INA219
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I2C_write(reg); // write register address
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I2C_write(value >> 8); // write register content high byte
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I2C_write(value); // write register content low byte
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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}
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// INA219 read a register
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uint16_t INA_read(uint8_t reg) {
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uint16_t result; // result variable
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I2C_start(INA_ADDR); // start transmission to INA219
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I2C_write(reg); // write register address
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I2C_restart(INA_ADDR | 0x01); // restart for reading
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result = (uint16_t)(I2C_read(1) << 8) | I2C_read(0); // read register content
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I2C_stop(); // stop transmission
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return result; // return result
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}
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// INA219 write inital configuration and calibration values
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void INA_init(void) {
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INA_write(INA_REG_CONFIG, INA_CONFIG); // write INA219 configuration
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INA_write(INA_REG_CALIB, INA_CALIB); // write INA219 calibration
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}
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// INA219 read voltage
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uint16_t INA_readVoltage(void) {
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return((INA_read(INA_REG_VOLTAGE) >> 1) & 0xFFFC);
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}
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// INA219 read sensor values
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uint16_t INA_readCurrent(void) {
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uint16_t result = INA_read(INA_REG_CURRENT); // read current from INA
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if(result > 32767) result = 0; // ignore negative currents
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return result; // return result
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}
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// ===================================================================================
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// Millis Counter Implementation for Timer0
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// ===================================================================================
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volatile uint32_t MIL_counter = 0; // millis counter variable
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// Init millis counter
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void MIL_init(void) {
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OCR0A = 124; // TOP: 124 = 1000kHz / (8 * 1kHz) - 1
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TCCR0A = (1<<WGM01); // timer0 CTC mode
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TCCR0B = (1<<CS01); // start timer0 with prescaler 8
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TIMSK = (1<<OCIE0A); // enable output compare match interrupt
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}
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// Read millis counter
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uint32_t MIL_read(void) {
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cli(); // disable interrupt for atomic read
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uint32_t result = MIL_counter; // read millis counter
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sei(); // enable interrupts
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return result; // return millis counter value
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}
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// Timer0 compare match A interrupt service routine (every millisecond)
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ISR(TIM0_COMPA_vect) {
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MIL_counter++; // increase millis counter
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}
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// ===================================================================================
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// Main Function
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// ===================================================================================
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// Some "strings"
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const uint8_t mA[] PROGMEM = { 14, 10, 18, 255 }; // "mA "
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const uint8_t mV[] PROGMEM = { 14, 11, 18, 255 }; // "mV "
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const uint8_t mW[] PROGMEM = { 14, 12, 18, 255 }; // "mW "
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const uint8_t mAh[] PROGMEM = { 14, 10, 13, 255 }; // "mAh"
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const uint8_t mWh[] PROGMEM = { 14, 12, 13, 255 }; // "mWh"
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const uint8_t SEP[] PROGMEM = { 18, 17, 18, 255 }; // " - "
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// Main function
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int main(void) {
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// Local variables
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uint16_t voltage, current, power; // voltage in mV, current in mA, power in mW
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uint16_t minvoltage = 65535, maxvoltage = 0; // min/max voltages in mV
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uint16_t mincurrent = 65535, maxcurrent = 0; // min/max current in mA
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uint16_t minpower = 65535, maxpower = 0; // min/max power in mV
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uint32_t lastmillis, nowmillis, interval; // for timing calculation in millis
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uint32_t duration = 0; // total duration in millis
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uint16_t seconds; // total duration in seconds
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uint32_t capacity = 0, energy = 0; // counter for capacity in uAh and energy in uWh
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uint8_t primescreen = 0; // screen selection flag
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uint8_t lastbutton = 1; // button flag (0: button pressed)
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// Set oscillator calibration value
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#ifdef OSCCAL_VAL
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OSCCAL = OSCCAL_VAL; // set the value if defined above
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#endif
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// Setup
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PORTB |= (1<<PIN_SET); // pullup for set button
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MIL_init(); // init millis counter
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INA_init(); // init INA219
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OLED_init(); // init OLED
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OLED_clearScreen(); // clear screen
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lastmillis = MIL_read(); // read millis counter
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// Loop
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while(1) {
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// Read sensor values
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voltage = INA_readVoltage(); // read voltage in mV from INA219
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current = INA_readCurrent(); // read current in mA from INA219
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// Calculate timings
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nowmillis = MIL_read(); // read millis counter
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interval = nowmillis - lastmillis; // calculate recent time interval
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lastmillis = nowmillis; // reset lastmillis
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duration += interval; // calculate total duration in millis
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seconds = duration / 1000; // calculate total duration in seconds
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// Calculate power, capacity and energy
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power = (uint32_t)voltage * current / 1000; // calculate power in mW
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capacity += interval * current / 3600; // calculate capacity in uAh
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energy += interval * power / 3600; // calculate energy in uWh
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// Update min/max values
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if(minvoltage > voltage) minvoltage = voltage;
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if(maxvoltage < voltage) maxvoltage = voltage;
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if(mincurrent > current) mincurrent = current;
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if(maxcurrent < current) maxcurrent = current;
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if(minpower > power ) minpower = power;
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if(maxpower < power ) maxpower = power;
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// Check SET button and set screen flag accordingly
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if(PINB & (1<<PIN_SET)) lastbutton = 0;
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else if(!lastbutton) {
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if(++primescreen > 4) primescreen = 0;
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OLED_clearScreen();
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lastbutton = 1;
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}
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// Display values on the OLED
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switch(primescreen) {
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case 0: OLED_setCursor(0,0);
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OLED_printDec16(voltage); OLED_printPrg(mV);
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OLED_printDec16(power); OLED_printPrg(mW);
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OLED_setCursor(0,2);
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OLED_printDec16(current); OLED_printPrg(mA);
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OLED_printDec16(capacity / 1000); OLED_printPrg(mAh);
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break;
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case 1: OLED_setCursor(0,0);
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OLED_printDec16(minvoltage); OLED_printPrg(SEP);
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OLED_printDec16(maxvoltage); OLED_printPrg(mV);
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OLED_setCursor(0,2);
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OLED_printDec16(mincurrent); OLED_printPrg(SEP);
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OLED_printDec16(maxcurrent); OLED_printPrg(mA);
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break;
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case 2: OLED_setCursor(0,1);
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OLED_printDec16(minpower); OLED_printPrg(SEP);
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OLED_printDec16(maxpower); OLED_printPrg(mW);
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break;
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case 3: // ATtiny25 without decimal places to make it fit into the flash
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#if defined(__AVR_ATtiny25__)
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OLED_setCursor(32,0);
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OLED_printDec16(capacity / 1000); OLED_printPrg(mAh);
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OLED_setCursor(32,2);
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OLED_printDec16(energy / 1000); OLED_printPrg(mWh);
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#else
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OLED_setCursor(16,0);
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OLED_printDec16(capacity / 1000); OLED_printChar(DECIMAL);
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OLED_printDec12(capacity % 1000); OLED_printPrg(mAh);
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OLED_setCursor(16,2);
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OLED_printDec16(energy / 1000); OLED_printChar(DECIMAL);
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OLED_printDec12(energy % 1000); OLED_printPrg(mWh);
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#endif
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break;
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case 4: OLED_setCursor(32,1);
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OLED_printDec8(seconds / 3600); OLED_printChar(COLON);
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seconds %= 3600;
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OLED_printDec8(seconds / 60 ); OLED_printChar(COLON);
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OLED_printDec8(seconds % 60 );
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break;
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default: break;
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}
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_delay_ms(50);
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}
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}
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