fix(security): harden forwarders, cap native ecowitt entities, reject empty creds

- S8: received_data now rejects empty configured credentials (IncorrectDataError)
  and present-but-empty incoming credentials (HTTPUnauthorized) instead of relying
  solely on the config flow. Credential validation extracted into
  _validate_credentials() (also resolves the C901 complexity warning and unifies
  the WU/WSLink branches).
- S6: cap auto-created native Ecowitt entities (MAX_NATIVE_ECOWITT_SENSORS) to bound
  entity-registry growth from a fabricated multi-key payload.
- S5: store only the exception class name in Windy/Pocasi last_error (surfaced via
  entity attributes; str(ex) could embed the request URL).
- S7: verified safe - the native-sensor INFO log is parametrized (%s), so no
  format-string injection; left as-is.

308 passing, 100% coverage; ruff + basedpyright clean.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

custom_components/sws12500/coordinator.py

@@ -92,6 +92,68 @@ class WeatherDataUpdateCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
         except AttributeError:
             return None
 
+    def _validate_credentials(
+        self,
+        data: dict[str, Any],
+        webdata: aiohttp.web.Request,
+        *,
+        wslink: bool,
+        health: HealthCoordinator | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Validate station credentials for the legacy / WSLink endpoint.
+
+        Raises HTTPUnauthorized (missing/empty/wrong credentials) or IncorrectDataError
+        (integration not configured); returns None on success.
+        """
+        id_key, pw_key = ("wsid", "wspw") if wslink else ("ID", "PASSWORD")
+
+        if id_key not in data or pw_key not in data:
+            _LOGGER.error("Invalid request. No security data provided!")
+            if health:
+                health.update_ingress_result(webdata, accepted=False, authorized=False, reason="missing_credentials")
+            raise HTTPUnauthorized
+
+        id_data = data.get(id_key, "")
+        key_data = data.get(pw_key, "")
+
+        if (_id := checked(self.config.options.get(API_ID), str)) is None:
+            _LOGGER.error("We don't have API ID set! Update your config!")
+            if health:
+                health.update_ingress_result(webdata, accepted=False, authorized=None, reason="config_missing_api_id")
+            raise IncorrectDataError
+
+        if (_key := checked(self.config.options.get(API_KEY), str)) is None:
+            _LOGGER.error("We don't have API KEY set! Update your config!")
+            if health:
+                health.update_ingress_result(webdata, accepted=False, authorized=None, reason="config_missing_api_key")
+            raise IncorrectDataError
+
+        # Defense-in-depth: reject empty configured/incoming credentials so this handler
+        # is self-protecting regardless of how options were set.
+        if not _id or not _key:
+            _LOGGER.error("API ID/KEY is empty! Update your config!")
+            if health:
+                health.update_ingress_result(
+                    webdata, accepted=False, authorized=None, reason="config_missing_credentials"
+                )
+            raise IncorrectDataError
+
+        if not id_data or not key_data:
+            _LOGGER.error("Unauthorised access! Empty credentials.")
+            if health:
+                health.update_ingress_result(webdata, accepted=False, authorized=False, reason="unauthorized")
+            raise HTTPUnauthorized
+
+        # Constant-time comparison; both operands are always compared (no short-circuit)
+        # and encoded to bytes so non-ASCII credentials are handled safely.
+        id_ok = hmac.compare_digest(id_data.encode("utf-8"), _id.encode("utf-8"))
+        key_ok = hmac.compare_digest(key_data.encode("utf-8"), _key.encode("utf-8"))
+        if not (id_ok & key_ok):
+            _LOGGER.error("Unauthorised access!")
+            if health:
+                health.update_ingress_result(webdata, accepted=False, authorized=False, reason="unauthorized")
+            raise HTTPUnauthorized
+
     async def received_ecowitt_data(self, webdata: aiohttp.web.Request) -> aiohttp.web.Response:
         """Handle incoming Ecowitt webhook payload.
 
@@ -203,72 +265,7 @@ class WeatherDataUpdateCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
 
         health = self._health_coordinator()
 
-        if not _wslink and ("ID" not in data or "PASSWORD" not in data):
-            _LOGGER.error("Invalid request. No security data provided!")
-            if health:
-                health.update_ingress_result(
-                    webdata,
-                    accepted=False,
-                    authorized=False,
-                    reason="missing_credentials",
-                )
-            raise HTTPUnauthorized
-
-        if _wslink and ("wsid" not in data or "wspw" not in data):
-            _LOGGER.error("Invalid request. No security data provided!")
-            if health:
-                health.update_ingress_result(
-                    webdata,
-                    accepted=False,
-                    authorized=False,
-                    reason="missing_credentials",
-                )
-            raise HTTPUnauthorized
-
-        if _wslink:
-            id_data = data.get("wsid", "")
-            key_data = data.get("wspw", "")
-        else:
-            id_data = data.get("ID", "")
-            key_data = data.get("PASSWORD", "")
-
-        if (_id := checked(self.config.options.get(API_ID), str)) is None:
-            _LOGGER.error("We don't have API ID set! Update your config!")
-            if health:
-                health.update_ingress_result(
-                    webdata,
-                    accepted=False,
-                    authorized=None,
-                    reason="config_missing_api_id",
-                )
-            raise IncorrectDataError
-
-        if (_key := checked(self.config.options.get(API_KEY), str)) is None:
-            _LOGGER.error("We don't have API KEY set! Update your config!")
-            if health:
-                health.update_ingress_result(
-                    webdata,
-                    accepted=False,
-                    authorized=None,
-                    reason="config_missing_api_key",
-                )
-            raise IncorrectDataError
-
-        # Constant-time comparison to avoid leaking credential length/content via timing.
-        # Both operands are compared even if the first fails, so the branch order doesn't
-        # short-circuit. Encode to bytes so non-ASCII credentials are handled safely.
-        id_ok = hmac.compare_digest(id_data.encode("utf-8"), _id.encode("utf-8"))
-        key_ok = hmac.compare_digest(key_data.encode("utf-8"), _key.encode("utf-8"))
-        if not (id_ok & key_ok):
-            _LOGGER.error("Unauthorised access!")
-            if health:
-                health.update_ingress_result(
-                    webdata,
-                    accepted=False,
-                    authorized=False,
-                    reason="unauthorized",
-                )
-            raise HTTPUnauthorized
+        self._validate_credentials(data, webdata, wslink=_wslink, health=health)
 
         remaped_items: dict[str, str] = remap_wslink_items(data) if _wslink else remap_items(data)
 

custom_components/sws12500/ecowitt.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from datetime import datetime
 import logging
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Final
 
 from aioecowitt import EcoWittListener, EcoWittSensor, EcoWittSensorTypes
 
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # we need to know which key is internally covered.
 _MAPPED_ECOWITT_KEYS: set[str] = set(REMAP_ECOWITT_COMPAT.keys())
 
+# Upper bound on auto-created native Ecowitt entities. Bounds entity-registry growth
+# from an (authenticated) sender that fabricates many distinct sensor keys.
+MAX_NATIVE_ECOWITT_SENSORS: Final = 64
+
 # aioecowitt sensor type to HA device class + unit
 # We cover most common types, additional will be covered later.
 STYPE_TO_HA: dict[EcoWittSensorTypes, tuple[SensorDeviceClass | None, str | None, SensorStateClass | None]] = {
@@ -222,6 +226,14 @@ class EcowittBridge:
             _LOGGER.debug("Ecowitt sensor %s discovered but platform not ready yet", sensor.key)
             return
 
+        if len(self._know_native_keys) >= MAX_NATIVE_ECOWITT_SENSORS:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "Reached the cap of %s native Ecowitt sensors; ignoring new key %s",
+                MAX_NATIVE_ECOWITT_SENSORS,
+                sensor.key,
+            )
+            return
+
         self._know_native_keys.add(sensor.key)
         entity = EcoWittNativeSensor(sensor)
         self._add_entities_cb([entity])

custom_components/sws12500/pocasti_cz.py

@@ -157,7 +157,9 @@ class PocasiPush:
 
         except ClientError as ex:
             self.last_status = "client_error"
-            self.last_error = str(ex)
+            # Store only the exception class - last_error is surfaced via entity
+            # attributes; str(ex) could embed the request URL.
+            self.last_error = type(ex).__name__
             _LOGGER.critical("Invalid response from Pocasi Meteo: %s", str(ex))
             self.invalid_response_count += 1
             if self.invalid_response_count >= 3:

custom_components/sws12500/windy_func.py

@@ -295,7 +295,9 @@ class WindyPush:
 
         except ClientError as ex:
             self.last_status = "client_error"
-            self.last_error = str(ex)
+            # Store only the exception class - last_error is surfaced via entity
+            # attributes; str(ex) could embed the request URL.
+            self.last_error = type(ex).__name__
             _LOGGER.critical(
                 "Invalid response from Windy: %s. Will try again later, max retries before disabling resend function: %s",
                 str(ex),

tests/test_ecowitt_bridge.py

@@ -370,3 +370,18 @@ async def test_set_add_entities_flushes_pending_unmapped_sensors() -> None:
     # The previously-skipped unmapped sensors are created now.
     assert created
     assert all(isinstance(e, EcoWittNativeSensor) for e in created)
+
+
+def test_on_new_sensor_respects_cap() -> None:
+    """Native entity creation is capped to bound entity-registry growth."""
+    from custom_components.sws12500.ecowitt import MAX_NATIVE_ECOWITT_SENSORS
+
+    bridge = _make_bridge()
+    cb = MagicMock()
+    bridge.set_add_entities(cb)
+    # Pretend we already created the maximum number of native sensors.
+    bridge._know_native_keys = {f"k{i}" for i in range(MAX_NATIVE_ECOWITT_SENSORS)}
+
+    bridge._on_new_sensor(_make_sensor(key="pm25_ch1"))
+
+    cb.assert_not_called()

tests/test_received_data.py

@@ -509,3 +509,25 @@ async def test_register_path_switching_logic_is_exercised_via_routes(monkeypatch
     """Sanity: constants exist and are distinct (helps guard tests relying on them)."""
     assert DEFAULT_URL != WSLINK_URL
     assert DOMAIN == "sws12500"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_received_data_empty_configured_credentials_raises_incorrect_data(hass, monkeypatch):
+    """Empty configured API ID/KEY is treated as missing config (defense-in-depth)."""
+    entry = _make_entry(wslink=False, api_id="", api_key="key")
+    entry.runtime_data.health_coordinator = SimpleNamespace(update_ingress_result=MagicMock())
+    coordinator = WeatherDataUpdateCoordinator(hass, entry)
+    with pytest.raises(IncorrectDataError):
+        await coordinator.received_data(_RequestStub(query={"ID": "id", "PASSWORD": "key"}))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    entry.runtime_data.health_coordinator.update_ingress_result.assert_called_once()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_received_data_empty_incoming_credentials_raises_unauthorized(hass, monkeypatch):
+    """Present-but-empty incoming credentials are rejected before the digest compare."""
+    entry = _make_entry(wslink=False, api_id="id", api_key="key")
+    entry.runtime_data.health_coordinator = SimpleNamespace(update_ingress_result=MagicMock())
+    coordinator = WeatherDataUpdateCoordinator(hass, entry)
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPUnauthorized):
+        await coordinator.received_data(_RequestStub(query={"ID": "", "PASSWORD": ""}))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    entry.runtime_data.health_coordinator.update_ingress_result.assert_called_once()